Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, intengiso yemboleko zedijithali eMzantsi Afrika iye yatyhudisa ngezantya ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto. Oku kubangelwe kukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweefowuni ezikrelekrele, ukwandiswa kokufikelela kumatyala, kunye neenkqubo zokuboleka imali ezilula nekhawulezayo ezifumaneka ngeefowuni. Njengengcali kwezomali, ndiyabona ukuba kubalulekile ukuba abantu bakuthi baqonde kakuhle le ndawo entsha ukuze benze izigqibo ezinobulumko ngemali yabo.
Phakathi ku-2025, kuxela ukuba ababoneleli ngeemboleko abamalunga nama-25 ababhalisiweyo kwi-intanethi banika iinkonzo kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezithathu kulo lonke ilizwe. Ezi nkonzo ziquka iimboleko ezingephi zexesha elifutshane (ukusuka kwi-R500 ukuya kwi-R2 000) ukuya kwiimboleko ezinkulu zomntu (ukuya kwi-R20 000). Nangona ezi nkonzo zikhululekile kwaye zikhawuleza, kubalulekile ukuqonda imingcipheko kunye nendlela ezilawulwa ngayo, ngakumbi amaxabiso enzala aphezulu (aphakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-120% ngonyaka) kunye nenkqubo yokuhlolwa kwetyala esekelwe kwidatha.
Inkangeleko Yentengiso Yemboleko Yedijithali eMzantsi Afrika
Intengiso yokubolekisa kwi-intanethi eMzantsi Afrika iye yakhula ngomlinganiselo we-18% ngonyaka kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Oku kukhula kunyuswe zizinto eziliqela:
- Ukusetyenziswa Kweefowuni Ezikrelekrele: Ngaphezu kwe-70% yabantu abadala baneefowuni ezinokufikelela kwi-intanethi. Oku kwenza ukuba ii-app zemboleko zifikeleleke kubantu abaninzi.
- Ubuchule Be-Fintech: Ubudlelwane phakathi kweenkqubo (APIs) kunye nedatha engacwangciswanga (njengokusetyenziswa kwexesha lomoya) kuvumela ukuba iimboleko zivunyiwe kwimizuzu engaphantsi kwe-45.
- Ukungena Kwetyala: Ababoneleli bemboleko zedijithali ngoku balinganisela kwi-20% yazo zonke iimboleko zomntu ezingakhuselekanga ezikhutshwayo.
Indalo Yokulawula (I-NCR, Umthetho Wetiyala Wesizwe)
Zonke iinkonzo zemboleko zedijithali eMzantsi Afrika zilawulwa yi-National Credit Act (NCA) kwaye zijongwe yi-National Credit Regulator (NCR). Oku kuthetha ukuba:
- Ukubhaliswa: Bonke ababoneleli ngemboleko kufuneka babhalise kwi-NCR kwaye bathobele imimiselo ye-NCA yokubhenela ngaphambi kwesivumelwano kunye novavanyo lokukwazi ukuhlawula.
- Imali Encopho: Kukho imali encopho ebekiweyo yemali yokuqala (i-10% yesixa esibolekweyo) kunye nemali yenkonzo yenyanga (i-20% yesixa esibolekweyo). Amaxabiso enzala aphezulu asoloko ebekwa ngababoneleli ngokwabo, hayi ngumthetho.
- Ukukhuselwa Kwabathengi: Abathengi banelungelo lokucamngca iintsuku ezintlanu (cooling-off period), ilungelo lokuhlawula kwangoko imboleko ngenzala ehlaziywe, kunye nelungelo lokusonjululwa kwezikhalazo ngeNkundla Yabathengi Yesizwe ye-NCR.
Ababoneleli Beenkonzo Zemboleko Ababalulekileyo Kunye Nee-App
Nalu uluhlu lwababoneleli beenkonzo zemboleko zedijithali abakhulu abasebenza eMzantsi Afrika, kunye neenkcukacha zeemveliso zabo, amaxabiso enzala, kunye nemigqaliselo:
1. Boodle
- Imveliso: I-R1 000 ukuya kwi-R8 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6.
- I-APR: 36%-60% (max i-3% ngenyanga; imali yokuqala i-R765; imali yenkonzo i-R69 ngenyanga; ubomi betiyala i-R18).
- Inkqubo: Ukungena kuthambile, kwaye kubonisa ngokucacileyo iindleko. Isebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwesazisi sedijithali kunye nokulayishwa kwengxelo yebhanki.
- Ulawulo: Ibhaliswe kwi-NCR.
2. FASTA
- Imveliso: I-R800 ukuya kwi-R8 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6.
- I-APR: 48%-96% (akungqinwanga; kubangelwe kwiimali).
- Inkqubo: Ukuhlolwa kwengxelo yebhanki, ukuqinisekiswa kwesazisi. Ukuxhaswa ngekhadi levirtual okanye idiphozithi ethe ngqo.
- Ulawulo: Ibhaliswe kwi-NCR.
3. Unifi
- Imveliso: I-R2 000 ukuya kwi-R20 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-18.
- I-APR: 32%-48% (ebhengezwe max i-3.5% ngenyanga).
- Inkqubo: Isebenzisa ubuchule be-biometric kunye nesazisi sedijithali ngaphandle kwamasebe. Ukuhlawulwa kwi-digital wallet.
- Ulawulo: Ukubhaliswa kwi-NCR kusalindeleke; isebenza phantsi kwemithetho yelizwe langaphandle (akungqinwanga).
4. Loanfin
- Imveliso: I-R500 ukuya kwi-R8 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6.
- I-APR: 36%-120% (imali yokuqala i-10%; imali yenkonzo i-1% ngeveki).
- Inkqubo: Isebenzisa i-chat-bot kaWhatsApp, ukulayishwa kwengxelo yebhanki.
- Ulawulo: Ibhaliswe kwi-NCR.
5. RCS Personal Loans
- Imveliso: I-R2 000 ukuya kwi-R300 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-60.
- I-APR: 18%-24%.
- Inkqubo: Inkqubo yetyala epheleleyo. Inzala eyenziwe yabhalela umntu ngamnye ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lomngcipheko.
- Ulawulo: Ibhaliswe kwi-NCR.
6. EasyPay
- Imveliso: I-R1 000 ukuya kwi-R4 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-9.
- I-APR: 0% kwi-R1 000-R2 000; i-12% ngonyaka kwi-R4 000.
- Inkqubo: Akukho nzala kubasebenzisi abaqhagamshelwe kwi-SASSA. Ukubhaliswa nge-biometric esebenzisa amasebe.
- Ulawulo: I-NCR; ikhutshulwe phantsi kwemithetho yemicro-credit.
7. MPOWA Finance
- Imveliso: I-R500 ukuya kwi-R8 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-6.
- I-APR: 48%-96% (imali yokuqala i-15%; imali yenkonzo i-15% ngenyanga).
- Inkqubo: Ukuzifotazela ngefowuni, ukuskena isazisi. Isebenzisa idatha yeendaba zentlalo.
- Ulawulo: Ibhaliswe kwi-NCR.
8. African Bank Instant Loans
- Imveliso: I-R1 000 ukuya kwi-R20 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-36.
- I-APR: 18%-30%.
- Inkqubo: Iinketho ezicacileyo zesebe kunye nedijithali. Akukho mali yokuqala.
- Ulawulo: Ibhanki enelayisensi; ihambelana ne-NCR.
9. Standard Bank Personal Loans
- Imveliso: I-R5 000 ukuya kwi-R300 000; imigqaliselo yeenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-60.
- I-APR: 16%-24%.
- Inkqubo: Ukudityaniswa kwe-internet banking. Akukho mali yenkonzo; i-R200 imali yolawulo.
- Ulawulo: Ibhanki elawulwayo; ihambelana ngokupheleleyo.
10. Lidya (Iimboleko Zamashishini Amancinci)
- Imveliso: I-R10 000 ukuya kwi-R100 000 (iimboleko zamashishini amancinci).
- I-APR: 24%-36%.
- Inkqubo: Amaxwebhu eshishini, ingxelo yebhanki. Imali yezemali i-5%-15%.
- Ulawulo: Ibhaliswe njengomboneleli wemboleko welizwe langaphandle (eNigeria, isebenza eMzantsi Afrika).
Itheyibhile Yothetlwano Phakathi Kwezi-App
| I-App | Ummandla we-APR | Eyona Mboleko Inkulu | Indlela Yokuhlawula | Ireyithingi ye-Play Store |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boodle | 36%-60% | R8 000 | Idiphozithi yebhanki | 4.3 |
| FASTA | 48%-96% | R8 000 | Ikhadi leVirtual/ibhanki | 4.1 |
| Unifi | 32%-48% | R20 000 | Idijithali wallet | 4.0 |
| Loanfin | 36%-120% | R8 000 | Idiphozithi ethe ngqo | 4.2 |
| RCS Personal Loans | 18%-24% | R300 000 | Idiphozithi yebhanki | 4.1 |
| EasyPay | 0%-12% | R4 000 | I-akhawunti ye-USSD | Ayifumaneki |
| MPOWA Finance | 48%-96% | R8 000 | Idiphozithi yebhanki | 4.0 |
| African Bank Instant Loans | 18%-30% | R20 000 | Ibhanki/ikhadi | 4.4 |
| Standard Bank Personal Loans | 16%-24% | R300 000 | I-internet banking | Ayifumaneki |
| Lidya | 24%-36% | R100 000 | Ukutshintshela ngebhanki | 4.2 |
Imingcipheko Kubathengi Kunye Nendlela Yokuzikhusela
Nangona ii-app zemboleko zedijithali zibonelela ngamathuba okufikelela lula kwimali, zikwabonelela ngemingcipheko kubathengi. Kubalulekile ukuba uyiqonde le mingcipheko ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezinobulumko:
- Amaxabiso e-APR Aphezulu Kunye NeeMali: Amaxabiso enzala aphezulu kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zemali zinokunyusa ingozi yokuba ungakwazi ukuhlawula imboleko, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwiingxaki zemali.
- Imingcipheko Yokhuseleko Lwedatha: Ukusetyenziswa kwedatha engacwangciswanga ukuvavanya ityala kunokukhokelela kwiinkxalabo malunga nokukhuseleka kwedatha yakho yangasese.
- Ukongeza Ityala: Ukufumana iimboleko ezininzi kwi-app ezahlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza kunokukhokelela ekubeni ube netyala elingaphezulu kunokuba unokulawula.
- Amabango Angaqinisekiswanga Ngababoneleli Bangaphandle: Abanye ababoneleli ababhaliswe kumazwe angaphandle (njenge-Unifi) banokuba namabango angaqinisekiswanga malunga nokuhambelana nemithetho, oku kunokubeka umngcipheko wokungathobeli imithetho yaseMzantsi Afrika.
Iingcebiso Ezintlanu Eziluncedo Kubasebenzisi
- Thelekisa I-APR Kunye Neendleko Zizonke: Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo, thelekisa amaxabiso enzala (APR) kunye neendleko zizonke zemboleko kwii-app ezahlukeneyo. Musa ukukhangela isixa semboleko kuphela.
- Qinisekisa Ukubhaliswa Kwe-NCR: Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba umboneleli webhanki ubhaliswe kwi-NCR ngokuhlola irejista ye-NCR. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba uyathobela imithetho kwaye ukhuselekile.
- Nciphisa Inani Leemboleko Zexesha Elinye: Musa ukuboleka kwii-app ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni ube nentlupheko eninzi kwaye ungakwazi ukuhlawula.
- Hlola Iinkqubo Zokukhuseleka Kwedatha: Funda ngokucokisekileyo iinkqubo zokukhuseleka kwedatha (privacy policies) ukuze uqonde ukuba idatha yakho isetyenziswa njani.
- Sebenzisa Izixhobo Zokubala Ityala: Sebenzisa izixhobo zokubala ityala (credit calculators) kwaye ukhethe ixesha elide lokuhlawula, njengoko oku kunokunciphisa intlawulo yakho yenyanga.
Iindlela Zentengiso Kunye Nenkangeleko Yangomso
Intengiso yemboleko zedijithali eMzantsi Afrika ibonisa iindlela ezininzi eziya kuqhubeka zisenza ubume bayo kwixesha elizayo:
- Ukuqhubeka Kokuguquka Kwedijithali: Ngokwanda kokusetyenziswa kweefowuni ezikrelekrele kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi, siya kubona ukwanda okungaphezulu kwezi nkonzo. Abantu abaninzi baya kusebenzisa ii-app zemboleko ngenxa yokulula kwazo.
- Ukusetyenziswa Kwedatha Engaphezulu: Ababoneleli baya kuqhubeka besebenzisa idatha eyahlukileyo (njengembali yokusetyenziswa kwefowuni, intlawulo yeebhili) ukuvavanya ityala ngobuchule obungaphezulu. Oku kunokuvula amathuba kubantu abangenamava etyala aqhelekileyo.
- Ubuchule Obutsha Kwi-Fintech: Kungalindeleka ukuba kubekho ubuchule obutsha kwiindlela zokuboleka imali, ukukhuselwa kwedatha, kunye nokudibanisa nezinye iinkonzo zemali zedijithali (njenge-mobile money wallets).
- Ukuqhubeka Kokulawulwa: I-NCR kunye ne-NCA ziya kuqhubeka zisebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bakhuselekile kwaye ababoneleli bayathobela imithetho. Kungenzeka ukuba kubekho uhlengahlengiso kwimithetho ukujongana nemingcipheko emitsha.
Ekugqibeleni, ii-app zemboleko zedijithali zibonelela ngesisombululo esiluncedo kwizinto eziphuthumayo zemali okanye xa kufuneka imali ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, njengayo nayiphi na imveliso yezemali, kubalulekile ukuzisebenzisa ngobulumko nangokuqonda okucacileyo kweendleko kunye nemingcipheko. Ngokulandela iingcebiso ezibonelelweyo nokwenza uphando olubanzi, unokukhusela imali yakho kwaye ukhusele ikamva lakho lezemali.
